The figure shows the energy consumption of loaded car-cabins depending on the convoy length (air resistance according to Annex A3 plus addition for unforeseen effects).
Exemplary values from the figure:
Calculation of Consumption for Car Transport at the different Trip Phases
a) Running in a Convoy at constant Speed
with the following Consumption Components:
| Term | Value | Unit |
| electro-magn. losses* |
0.15
|
l diesel/100km/cabin |
| car-on-board consumpt** |
0.23
|
l diesel/100km/car |
| cabin-on-board consumption*** |
0.19
|
l diesel/100km/cabin |
| air resistance (see Annex A3) |
*electro-magnetic losses: losses depend on material choice for the rails. It is assumed that a cabin in a convoy has electro-magnetic losses of 10 % of the air resistance at 180 km/h. It follows a consumption of 0.15 l diesel/100km. Cabins travelling singly have double losses
**averaged car-on-board power consumption 1,5 kW; efficiency of inductive on-board energy supply from wayside component on: 0.8
***averaged cabin-on-board consumption 1.2 kW for air gap control, safety and communication electronics, MMI and window control. It results with an efficiency from primary energy to the air gap of 0.32 (see figure):
The figure shows the energy consumption of loaded car-cabins depending on the convoy length (air resistance according to Annex A3 plus addition for unforeseen effects).
Exemplary values from the figure:
| Convoy Length | Consump. | Single
Cabin |
Consump. | Total
Convoy |
| 120 |
1.7
|
l diesel/100km |
204.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 80 |
1.9
|
l diesel/100km |
152.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 60 |
2.0
|
l diesel/100km |
120.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 38 |
2.2
|
l diesel/100km |
83,6
|
l diesel/100km |
| 30 |
2.4
|
l diesel/100km |
72.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 10 |
3.3
|
l diesel/100km |
33.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 5 |
5.4
|
l diesel/100km |
27.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 4 |
6.2
|
l diesel/100km |
24.8
|
l diesel/100km |
| 3 |
7.5
|
l diesel/100km |
22.5
|
l diesel/100km |
| 2 |
10.5
|
l diesel/100km |
21.0
|
l diesel/100km |
| 1 |
20.0
|
l diesel/100km |
20.0
|
l diesel/100km |
Empty cabins have a 0,23 l diesel /100km lower consumption, since the car-on-board consumption is void.
b) Trip phase: Reclose gaps in the convoy
(assumption: one gap each 10 cabins)
| Term | Value | Unit |
| length of a gap |
5.0
|
m |
| acceleration |
1.0
|
m/s² |
| time for closing gap |
5.5
|
s |
| travelled distance in this time |
274
|
m |
| convoys from 10 cabins each |
3.3
|
l diesel/100km/car |
c) Trip phase: acceleration from 0 to 180
km/h
| Term | Value | Unit |
| distance for acceleration |
1250
|
m |
| Convoys of: | ||
| 10 cars |
1.1
|
l diesel/100km/car |
| 5 cars |
1.8
|
l diesel/100km/car |
| 4 cars |
2.0
|
l diesel/100km/car |
d) trip phase: braking a single vehicle
from 180 to 0 km/h
| Term | Value | Unit |
| distance travelled |
1250
|
m |
| 1 car |
6,6
|
l diesel/100km/car |
e) Additional consumption due to empty runs
Scenario: Line Breitscheider Kreuz – Cologne Airport Traffic flows are different in both directions. Compensation empty moves are necessary. Number of daily transported road vehicles and fraction of lorries and buses corresponds to the traffic volume map assuming that 50% of motorway traffic volume changes over to AUTOSHUTTLE.
ea) Partition of a day into times of different traffic densities
Rush hours: 6:00 to 8:00 o’clock and16:00
to 18:00 o’clock
| vehicles during rush hour | vehicles/hour | lorry/bus partition |
|
in direction 1
|
2000
|
0.1
|
|
in direction 2
|
3000
|
0.1
|
periods of medium traffic density: 8:00
to 16:00 o’clock and 18:00 to 21:00 o'clock
| vehicles during medium time | vehicles/hour | lorry/bus partition |
|
in direction 1
|
1400
|
0.15
|
|
in direction 2
|
1600
|
0.15
|
time of low traffic density: 21:00 to 6:00
o’clock
| vehicles during low hours | vehicles/hour | lorry/bus partition |
|
in direction 1
|
506
|
0.28
|
|
in direction 2
|
508
|
0.28
|
total traffic per day:
| vehicle/day | lorry/bus partition | |
| Total number of vehicles per day |
62126
|
0.15 |
| Total number of cars per day |
52621
|
|
| Total number of lorries and buses per day |
9505
|
eb) Calculation of lengths and patronage
of convoys from ea)
| During the rush hour is a departure each |
2
|
minutes car-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
60
|
loaded and |
30
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
90
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
| During the rush hour is a departure each |
6
|
minutes lorry/bus-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
20
|
loaded and |
10
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
30
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
| During the medium time is a departure each |
2
|
minutes car-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
40
|
loaded and |
6
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
45
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
| During the medium time is a departure each |
7
|
minutes lorry/bus-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
25
|
loaded and |
4
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
28
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
| During the low traffic time is a departure each |
4
|
minutes car-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
24
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
24
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
| During the low traffic time is a departure each |
7
|
minutes lorry/bus-convoys with | ||
|
in direction 1
|
17
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
|
in direction 2
|
17
|
loaded and |
0
|
empty cabins |
ec) Number and consumption of convoys at
constant speed
| During the rush-hour there are |
120
|
car-convoys/dir. |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
1
|
146
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
2
|
153
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
| During medium time there are |
330
|
car-convoys/dir. |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
1
|
89
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
2
|
91
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
| During low traffic time there are |
135
|
car-convoys/dir. |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
1
|
58
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
|
consumption/convoy in direction
2
|
59
|
l diesel/100km/convoy |
ed) Trip phases
Averaged trip length is 35 km. Station distance be 5 km. It results:
During the rush-hour starting car-convoys
have 9 loaded and 4 empty cabins in direction 1 and 13 loaded cabins in
direction 2. During medium traffic time starting car-convoys have 6 loaded
and 1 empty cabins in direction 1 and 6 loaded cabins in direction 2. During
low traffic time starting car-convoys have 3 loaded and 0 empty cabins
in direction 1 and 3 loaded cabins in direction 2. Total trip is composed
by start, travelling at constant speed with gap reclosing phases at the
stations and breaking.
| Traffic time | Rush | Medium | Low | Unit |
| Start |
1634
|
2376
|
2563
|
1E-5 l diesel/trip |
| Constant speed |
61532
|
65358
|
74192
|
1E-5 l diesel/trip |
| Reclosing gaps |
5417
|
5417
|
5417
|
1E-5 l diesel/trip |
| Breaking |
8250
|
8250
|
8250
|
1E-5 l diesel/trip |
| Total |
76832
|
81401
|
90422
|
1E-5 l diesel/trip |
| Total |
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.6
|
l diesel/car/100km |
| Fraction of total trips |
0.342
|
0.533
|
0.125
|
% |
f) Resulting energy consumption in energy equivalent to l diesel at the gas station considering all trip phases and empty runs:
2,3 l diesel/car/100km or 102 miles/US-gallon of diesel oil